Fig. 14.1 In cases of septal leaflet tethering owing to adherences or impingement of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) patch, poor coaptation between the septal and anterior leaflets can occur…
Fig. 4.1 GOSE score. RA right atrium, aRV atrialized right ventricle, LA left atrium, LV left ventricle [4] Table 4.1 Mortality risk by GOSE score GOSE score Ratio Mortality 1–2…
Fig. 5.1 Downward displacement of the functional annulus (FA) from the anatomical annulus (AA). The displacement produces the atrialization of a portion of the right ventricle (aRV). CS coronary sinus…
Fig. 15.1 Surgical exposure of tricuspid valve When it is scheduled one isolated tricuspid valve surgery and is certain that there is no patent foramen ovale, it is possible to…
Fig. 13.1 Atrial view of the normal tricuspid valve. The anterior (A), posterior (P), and septal (S) leaflets are separated by commissures. The valve orifice allows to observe several chordae…
Fig. 16.1 (a, b) The Medtronic Melody® transcatheter pulmonary valve and its delivery system (Courtesy of Medtronic Inc., Santa Ana, CA, USA) About eighteen months after the Melody valve’s implant,…
Fig. 10.1 De Vega annuloplasty (Reproduced with permission from Antunes and Barlow [31]) While demonstrating a good midterm outcome [33, 34], the long-term result of this technique in a growing…
CVP value Possible explanations Low (<10 mmHg) Hypovolemia High (>15 mmHg) Tricuspid regurgitation Primary systolic right ventricular dysfunction Right ventricle outflow obstruction Diastolic right ventricular dysfunction Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary embolism …
Fig. 9.1 Natural history of patients with CCTGA presenting with (a) an unrestrictive ventricular septal defect combined with pulmonary valve stenosis and (b) an isolated unrestrictive ventricular septal defect On…
Fig. 12.1 NYHA functional class before and after surgery TR was severe in 20 patients, moderate in 41 and mild in 4. The median TR grade was 3 (range 2–4;…
