Ultrasound Evaluation of the Portal and Hepatic Veins
SCANNING TECHNIQUE AND NORMAL ANATOMY Duplex ultrasound (DUS) evaluation of the hepatic vasculature is best performed using a 2- to 5-MHz curved array transducer in a fasting (8 to 12…
Physics and Instrumentation for Duplex Scanning
FIGURE 7.1. Mass and spring model for tissue mechanics. The ultrasound transmission properties of tissue can be derived by considering the tissue to be assembled from masses (representing tissue density)…
Renal Duplex Scanning
FIGURE 24.1. Arteriogram of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. The lesions are located in the proximal right and left renal artery segments and are associated with significant aortic involvement. There is…
Upper Extremity Venous Thrombosis
FIGURE 20.1. Virchow’s triad of thrombus formation. First described by Paget and von Schrötter in the late 1800s and subsequently named the “Paget-Schrötter syndrome,” a significant fraction of cases of…
Acute Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
aRating scale: 1, 2, 3 usually not appropriate; 4, 5, 6 may be appropriate; 7, 8, 9 usually appropriate. Adapted from American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria®, 2013.9 US,…
Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
FIGURE 8.1. Transverse or cross-sectional images. A,B-mode image shows an eccentric plaque in the mid common carotid artery (CCA; arrow). B,Color-flow image of the carotid bifurcation shows the internal carotid…
Intravascular Imaging
FIGURE 31.1. Mechanical and phased array transducers. Mechanical transducer images may have artifact related to the wire position. (Courtesy of Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA.) Both types of transducers have…
Dialysis Access Procedures
FIGURE 33.1. A,Polytetrafluoroethylene tubing used in early Scribner shunts. One side was placed in an artery (typically the radial or posterior tibial artery) and the other into an accompanying vein….
Transcranial Duplex Imaging
FIGURE 9.1. A stylized map of the main extracranial arteries (in blue), which will be considered inflow vessels, and the intracranial vessels (in green), which will be considered outflow vessels…
Vascular Applications in Point of Care Ultrasound
Although point of care ultrasound examinations can be performed with the standard, full-featured ultrasound systems used by ultrasound professionals (Fig. 27.1), these relatively expensive and complicated instruments are not typically…
