Vascular Diseases of the Extremities
VASCULAR DISEASES OF THE EXTREMITIES Mark A. Creager Joseph Loscalzo ARTERIAL DISORDERS PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is defined as a clinical disorder in which there is a…
Pericardial Disease
PERICARDIAL DISEASE Eugene Braunwald NORMAL FUNCTIONS OF THE PERICARDIUM The normal pericardium is a double-layered sac; the visceral pericardium is a serous membrane that is separated by a small quantity…
The Metabolic Syndrome
THE METABOLIC SYNDROME Robert H. Eckel The metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome) consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities that confer increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and…
Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult
CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE IN THE ADULT John S. Child Jamil Aboulhosn A little over a hundred years ago, Sir William Osler, in his classic textbook The Principles and Practice of…
Cardiovascular Collapse, Cardiac Arrest, and Sudden Cardiac Death
CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE, CARDIAC ARREST, AND SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH Robert J. Myerburg Agustin Castellanos OVERVIEW AND DEFINITIONS Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as natural death due to cardiac causes in…
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction… 415
ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Elliott M. Antman Joseph Loscalzo Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common diagnoses in hospitalized patients in industrialized countries. In the United States,…
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES David P. Faxon Deepak L. Bhatt Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was first introduced by Andreas Gruentzig in 1977 as an alternative to…
Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography
DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY Jane A. Leopold David P. Faxon Diagnostic cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography are considered the gold standard in the assessment of the anatomy and…
Unstable Angina and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
UNSTABLE ANGINA AND NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Christopher P. Cannon Eugene Braunwald Patients with ischemic heart disease fall into two large groups: patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) who…
Acute Rheumatic Fever
ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER Jonathan R. Carapetis Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a multisystem disease resulting from an autoimmune reaction to infection with group A streptococcus. Although many parts of the…
