Duplex Evaluation of Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease
FIGURE 12.1. Patient with an embolus to the left common femoral artery. The common femoral artery (CFA) is occluded with absence of color filling (A) and a preocclusive “thumping” flow…
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in the Vascular Laboratory
Adapted from the 2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease (Rooke TW, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline…
Hemodynamics of Normal and Abnormal Arteries
where ρ is the specific gravity of blood (~1.056 g/cm3), g is the acceleration due to gravity (980 cm/s2), and h is the distance in centimeters above or below the…
Duplex Scanning Prior to Flap Procedures for Breast Reconstruction
The blood supply to the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap travels down through the rectus muscle from the continuation of the internal mammary vessels in the chest as the…
Radial Artery Evaluation before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts
FIGURE 34.1 Normal anatomy of the forearm and hand arteries, including the deep and superficial palmar arches of the hand. TABLE 34.1 Prevalence of Incomplete Superficial and Deep Palmar Arches…
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Upper Extremity Arterial Disease
FIGURE 14.1. Raynaud’s attack in a 47-year-old woman shows various stages of pallor, cyanosis, and rubor. Patients with Raynaud’s syndrome are traditionally divided into two groups.1 The term Raynaud’s disease…
Mesenteric Arteries
FIGURE 23.1. Color flow image in transverse view of the origin of the celiac artery from the aorta. The “seagull sign” is formed by the celiac artery bifurcation into the…
Chronic Venous Disorders
Adapted from Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: Consensus statement. J Vasc Surg 2004;40(6):1248–1252. Ref.3 Primary venous disorders are associated either with degenerative changes in the vein…
Venous Ablation Procedures
FIGURE 29.1. Preoperative varicose vein map report. In patients presenting with groin, medial thigh, and upper posterior thigh varicose veins, a pelvic source from an incompetent internal iliac vein branch…
Preliminary and Final Reports
aFrom the IAC Standards and Guidelines for Vascular Testing Accreditation (updated 15 June, 2013). For subsequent updates, see http://intersocietal.org/vascular/ The physician interpretation must be available within 2 working days of…
