Thoracic Key

Coronary Angiography Mauro Moscucci The contribution of William Grossman and Donald Baim to this chapter in prior editions is gratefully acknowledged. The initial attempts to perform coronary angiography used nonselective…

Coronary Artery Anomalies Paolo Angelini Jorge Monge The rich medical literature on coronary artery anomalies (CAA) suffers from many limitations, but the two main ones are 1. the superficial, general…

Cardiac Ventriculography Mauro Moscucci Robert C. Hendel Donald Baim was the author on this chapter in the previous edition, and the majority of his contributed text remains in the current…

Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Hemodynamic Data Zoltan G. Turi Acquisition of cardiac catheterization hemodynamic data has been revolutionized by the automation of hemodynamic measurement and recording since the first…

Calculation of Stenotic Valve Orifice Area Blase A. Carabello William Grossman The normal cardiac valve offers little resistance to blood flow. As valvular stenosis develops, there is progressively more resistance…

Blood Flow Measurement: Cardiac Output and Vascular Resistance Mauro Moscucci William Grossman The maintenance of blood flow commensurate with the metabolic needs of the body is a fundamental requirement of…

Shunt Detection and Quantification William Grossman Mauro Moscucci Detection, localization, and quantification of intracardiac shunts are an integral part of the hemodynamic evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease. In…

Pressure Measurement Mauro Moscucci William Grossman The measurement of dynamic blood pressure has been of interest to physiologists and physicians since 1732, when Reverend Stephen Hales measured the blood pressure…

Cutdown Approach: Brachial, Femoral, Axillary, Aortic, and Transapical Ronald P. Caputoa G. Randall Green William Grossman a The contributions of Alessandro Giambartolomei and Paolo Esente to this chapter in prior…

Diagnostic Catheterization in Childhood and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Gabriele Egidy Assenza James E. Lock Michael J. Landzberg As a growing population of adults reaches adulthood after being treated during…