The Global Challenge of Heart Disease Daniel J. Penny Jonathan R. Carapetis Peter J. Hotez “An epidemic of heart disease and stroke may be inevitable for the developing world in…

Univentricular Atrioventricular Connection Michael G. Earing Donald J. Hagler William D. Edwards Nomenclature Considerable controversy exists regarding the definition, classification, and nomenclature for various forms of complex congenital heart disease….

Pregnancy in Young Women with Congenital Heart Disease Candice K. Silversides Jack M. Colman Samuel C. Siu In general, pregnancy is well tolerated in women with congenital heart disease. However,…

Impact of Cardiac Disease on Other Organ Systems Jack Rychik Structural malformations of the heart makeup approximately 1% of all forms of birth defects in humans. When present, congenital heart…

Coronary Risk Factors in Children Stephen R. Daniels Atherosclerosis Coronary artery disease and stroke are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The breakdown of the…

Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease Lloyd Y. Tani Acute rheumatic fever (RF) occurs as a result of a complex interaction between group A streptococcus (GAS), a susceptible host, and…

Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (Atrioventricular and Ventriculoarterial Discordance) Joseph Atallah Jennifer M. Rutledge John D. Dyck The language of corrected transposition can be difficult. Isolated ventricular inversion,…

Chronic Heart Failure in Children Matthew J. O’Connor Robert E. Shaddy Introduction Chronic heart failure is a clinical syndrome with diverse etiologies and broad variation in its clinical manifestations, all…

Myocardial Ischemia in the Pediatric Population Ali N. Zaidi Curt J. Daniels Introduction Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are surviving into adulthood, due to the major achievements in their…