Basics of Ultrasound Physics
, where c – speed of sound λ – wavelength, υ – frequency Speed in media is proportional to density and elasticity (which is proportional to temperature). Thus sound travels…
Evaluation of Prosthetic Valves
Figure 6.1 Shows types of prosthetic valves. (a) Bovine pericardial stented valves; (b) Mechanical Bileaflet (St Jude Medical Regent, Carbomedics Standard, Medtronic Advantage); (c) Single tilting disk (Bjork Shirley, Medtronic-Hall);…
Positron Emission Tomography
Perfusion Glucose metabolism Category Preserved Preserved Viable Reduced Preserved Mismatch (viable hibernation) Reduced Reduced Match (non-viable) Preserved Reduced Reverse mismatch (altered regional glucose metabolism) References 1. Shaw LJ, Min JK,…
Pericardial Disease
Figure 8.1 Subcostal view showing heart with significant pericardial thickening (arrow) Pericardial Effusion (Fig. 8.1) Determine: Size (Size criteria differ between publications). Measure in diastole: trivial 1–5 mm, small 5…
Ischemic Heart Disease
Figure 12.1 Apical two chamber view of a patient with inferior and inferobasal scarring (arrows) after myocardial infarction Figure 12.2 Apical four chamber view showing massive apical aneurysm (star) Figure…
Diastolic Function
DT (ms) E/A E/E′ E′ (cm) IVRT (ms) PVS2 PVD Mitral A vs PulmA Normal 160–240 >1.5 <8 10 – – – I >240 <1 ≤8 (Ia >15) –…
Estimation of Chamber Pressures
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Dmitriy Kireyev and Judy Hung (eds.)Cardiac Imaging in Clinical PracticeIn Clinical Practice10.1007/978-3-319-21458-0_10 10. Estimation of Chamber Pressures Dmitriy Kireyev1 and Judy Hung1 (1) Echocardiography, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,…
Heart Failure Pre- and Postpartum
Fig. 1 Evaluation of a breathless woman towards the end of pregnancy/early postpartum Table 1 Pre-conception evaluation and risk assessment in a women with heart failure Pre-conception evaluation and risk…
of Hypertension
Pre-eclampsia is new-onset hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg) that arises after 20 weeks of gestation and is accompanied by at least one of the following (SOMANZ 2008): Renal involvement Proteinuria Oliguria…
in Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category A Adequate and well-controlled human studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy (and there is no evidence of risk…
