In this equation, R = the universal gas constant, T = absolute temperature, F = the Faraday constant, and X is the ion in question. As an example, the usual intracellular and extracellular concentration of potassium…
Fig. 8.1 The inner geometry of the right atrium showing the reentrant loop of a typical flutter circuit. Notice that the typical flutter circuit passes between the IVC and the…
Fig. 19.1 Panels (a) and (b): Demonstrating long QTc 0.54 s in an 18-month-old boy with sensorineural deafness. Panel (c): Marked T-wave alternans. Panel (d): Spontaneous ventricular fibrillation, which self-terminated….
Fig. 11.1 Junctional ectopic tachycardia. The AH interval is 240 ms during the junctional ectopic tachycardia, which has a cycle length of 290 ms. The long AH interval and short…
Sign/symptom Differential diagnosis for SCA Respiratory symptoms Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO), restrictive or LV noncompaction cardiomyopathy Chest pain HCM, coronary anomalies, LVOTO, aortic…
Fig. 5.1 12-Lead electrocardiogram of AVNRT. Note that distinct P-waves are not visible Fig. 5.2 ECG leads I, II, and V5 and intracardiac electrograms in a 13-year-old girl with AVNRT…
Fig. 6.1 Drawing of normal atrioventricular conduction tissue and concealed slowly only conducting retrograde accessory pathway supporting PJRT Clinical and Electrocardiographic Findings Persistent junctional reciprocating tachycardia usually presents during childhood…
Fig. 9.1 Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in a 17-year-old boy. Note the low amplitude fast waveforms (atrial fibrillatory waves) between the “irregularly irregular” QRS intervals. There are a few different QRS…
Fig. 16.1 ECG and His bundle electrogram of Complete Heart Block. Leads I, V1, V6 with an atrial (A) electrogram, a His bundle electrogram (H), and ventricular (V) electrogram demonstrating…
