Thoracic Key

Fig. 21.2 Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Substantial increase in the voltage of the leads looking at the left ventricle – the R wave in V5 = 33 mm (exceeding that…

Fig. 26.2 Atrial fibrillation (AF). Marked irregularity to the baseline, with no discernable P waves, and an irregular QRS response indicate that the rhythm is atrial fibrillation. Heart rate, 75…

Fig. 3.2 Current flows between different areas of the heart either when some areas have depolarized and others are still to depolarize or, conversely, when some areas have repolarized and…

Fig. 27.2 Anxiety-induced ST depression. Sinus tachycardia heart rate 150 b/min, with a P wave preceding each R wave. Normal P wave, PR interval, QRS complexes. Dramatic downward sloping ST…

Fig. 22.2 Twenty-four hour ECG, in a patient with brief bursts of regular palpitations. Initially sinus rhythm, then a fast regular narrow complex tachycardia, with ST segment depression, becoming more…

Fig. 20.2 Heart failure. The patient had mild effort breathlessness and then suddenly became much more breathless. (a) The ECG shows a well organized atrial arrhythmia (look at the rhythm…

Fig. 18.2 Risk classification in patients presenting to the emergency room with acute chest pain considered due to ishaemic heart disease (IHD). Myocardial infarction (MI) was suspected if the ECG…

Fig. 16.2 This ECG shows the classic ‘proximal LAD’ pattern. The patient is in sinus rhythm. There are good (probably normal sized) R waves throughout the ECG (i.e. there has…