Endomyocardial Biopsy
The percutaneous intravascular endomyocardial cardiac biopsy procedure using flexible bioptome was introduced by Sakakibara and Konno in 19621 and subsequently improved by Caves and Stinson.2 Indications and contraindications3-6 for the…
Right Heart Catheterization
Every procedure performed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory has its own indications and contraindications. The same can be said about right heart catheterization (Tables 10.1 and 10.2). The majority of…
Right and Left Heart Hemodynamics
Hemodynamic measurement is an integral part of the complete left- and right heart catheterization procedures.1 These data help cardiologists to establish the diagnosis in many complex cases. The correct measurements…
Angiography of Coronary Bypass Grafts
Before proceeding with cardiac catheterization, it is important to review the previous catheterization images and reports if available. Surgical reports and catheterization images will help the operator to choose the…
Pericardiocentesis
The first needle pericardiocentesis was performed in 1840 by Franz Schuh, a physician from Vienna.1 The indications and contraindications for the procedure are outlined in Tables 14.1 and 14.2, accordingly….
