Upper Extremity Venous Thrombosis
FIGURE 20.1. Virchow’s triad of thrombus formation. First described by Paget and von Schrötter in the late 1800s and subsequently named the “Paget-Schrötter syndrome,” a significant fraction of cases of…
Acute Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
aRating scale: 1, 2, 3 usually not appropriate; 4, 5, 6 may be appropriate; 7, 8, 9 usually appropriate. Adapted from American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria®, 2013.9 US,…
Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Arteries
FIGURE 8.1. Transverse or cross-sectional images. A,B-mode image shows an eccentric plaque in the mid common carotid artery (CCA; arrow). B,Color-flow image of the carotid bifurcation shows the internal carotid…
Intravascular Imaging
FIGURE 31.1. Mechanical and phased array transducers. Mechanical transducer images may have artifact related to the wire position. (Courtesy of Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA.) Both types of transducers have…
Dialysis Access Procedures
FIGURE 33.1. A,Polytetrafluoroethylene tubing used in early Scribner shunts. One side was placed in an artery (typically the radial or posterior tibial artery) and the other into an accompanying vein….
Transcranial Duplex Imaging
FIGURE 9.1. A stylized map of the main extracranial arteries (in blue), which will be considered inflow vessels, and the intracranial vessels (in green), which will be considered outflow vessels…
Vascular Applications in Point of Care Ultrasound
Although point of care ultrasound examinations can be performed with the standard, full-featured ultrasound systems used by ultrasound professionals (Fig. 27.1), these relatively expensive and complicated instruments are not typically…
Duplex Scanning Prior to Fibula Free Flap Transfers
FIGURE 35.1. The composite flap as shown consists of a segment of the peroneal artery, peroneal vein, and a portion of the fibula with the perforating arteries supplying the overlying…
Follow-Up after Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenting
FIGURE 10.1. Illustration from the 1982 report by Zierler and coworkers showing the Doppler spectral waveforms from an early postoperative stenosis that regressed. Left,Examination approximately 6 months after a left…
Duplex Assessment of Aortic Endografts
Left,Type I endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Right,Type II endoleaks. Left,Type III endoleaks after EVAR. Right,Type IV endoleaks. A type II endoleak results from retrograde flow into the aortic…
