Basic Pattern Recognition
Basic Pattern Recognition The evaluation of the fetus during labor by electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is a complex process. Patterns that are known to have an excellent correlation…
Fetal Heart Rate Patterns Associated with Fetal Central Nervous System Dysfunction
Fetal Heart Rate Patterns Associated with Fetal Central Nervous System Dysfunction For some time it has been known that fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns preceding hypoxic fetal death in utero…
Diseases of the Aorta
Diseases of the Aorta While transthoracic echocardiography provides only a limited view of the proximal ascending aorta and a small portion of the descending aorta and arch, transesophageal echocardiography provides…
Echocardiography in Systemic Disease and Clinical Problem Solving
Echocardiography in Systemic Disease and Clinical Problem Solving Echocardiography and Systemic Disease There are many systemic diseases with cardiovascular manifestations for which echocardiography is an appropriate component of the clinical…
Echocardiography and Coronary Artery Disease
Echocardiography and Coronary Artery Disease Clinical Overview Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease encountered in adults. Its clinical presentations are the result of atherosclerotic disease…
Evaluation and Management of Fetal Heart Rate Patterns in Premature Gestation
Evaluation and Management of Fetal Heart Rate Patterns in Premature Gestation The potential for the beneficial effects of fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in the patient delivering prematurely is perhaps…
Antepartum Management of the High-Risk Patient
Antepartum Management of the High-Risk Patient The previous chapter was devoted to introducing antepartum fetal surveillance, including fetal heart rate (FHR) testing and biophysical profile (BPP); describing methodology; interpretation; and…
Mitral Valve Disease
Mitral Valve Disease The mitral valve was the first of the four cardiac valves to be evaluated with echocardiography. This was due to the relatively high prevalence of rheumatic heart…
Uterine Contraction Monitoring
Uterine Contraction Monitoring In discussions on the benefits of fetal monitoring, uterine contraction monitoring is most often ignored. The initial development of fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring was concerned with…
Alternative and Backup Methods to Improve Interpretation of Concerning FHR Patterns
Alternative and Backup Methods to Improve Interpretation of Concerning FHR Patterns The majority of fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns seen in labor at some point will evolve into those that…
