Atrial Septal Defect: Simple and Complex
Chapter 15 Atrial Septal Defect Simple and Complex Galen was aware of the foramen ovale and its normal postnatal closure.1 Botallo described a patent foramen ovale after birth without understanding…
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Aortopulmonary Window
Chapter 20 Patent Ductus Arteriosus Aortopulmonary Window In 1593, Giambattista Carcano, Professor of Anatomy in Pavia, an ancient town in northern Italy, described the ductus arteriosus in his book on…
Ventricular Septal Defect
Chapter 17 Ventricular Septal Defect In 1879, Henri Roger wrote, “A developmental defect of the heart occurs from which cyanosis does not ensue in spite of the fact that a…
Ventricular Septal Defect with Pulmonary Stenosis
Chapter 18 Ventricular Septal Defect with Pulmonary Stenosis Ventricular septal defects with obstruction to right ventricular outflow encompass a wide range of anatomic malformations and their physiologic and clinical expressions….
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
Chapter 27 Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries In 1797, Matthew Baillie called attention to “a singular malformation in which the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and the…
Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Chapter 8 Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch In 1760, the Prussian anatomist, Johann Friedreich Meckel, characterized coarctation of the aorta as an “extraordinary dilatation of the heart…
Univentricular Heart
Chapter 26 Univentricular Heart In 1858, Thomas Peacock described hearts in which “The auricular sinuses are separated by a more or less complete septum, and there are generally two auriculo-ventricular…
Congenital Aortic Stenosis: Congenital Aortic Regurgitation
Chapter 7 Congenital Aortic Stenosis Congenital Aortic Regurgitation Clinical evaluation of congenital obstruction to left ventricular outflow seeks to establish the presence and degree of obstruction and the level and…
Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis
Chapter 11 Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis Congenital obstruction to right ventricular outflow in hearts with two noninverted ventricles originates in, below, or above the pulmonary valve. Three morphologic types of pulmonary…
Cardiac Malpositions
Chapter 3 Cardiac Malpositions “The heart may be congenitally misplaced in various ways, occupying either an unusual position within the thorax, or being situated external to that cavity.” Thomas B….
