Mechanical circulatory support
Figure 9.1 Intra-aortic balloon console tracings. The screen displays the ECG trace at the top, the intra-aortic pressure waveform in the center, and balloon inflation/deflation at the bottom. (a) Full…
Cerebral morbidity in adult cardiac surgery
Figure 12.1 Cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO2) and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) versus mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 33°C. Values for oxygen delivery (on ordinate in ml/100 g…
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Figure 14.1 ECMO system including the console and the blender. Reprinted with permission from Maquet Cardiopulmonary, AG. Copyright 2013 Maquet Cardiopulmonary, AG. All rights reserved. ECMO nomenclature is controversial, as…
Myocardial protection and cardioplegia
Figure 7.1 Myocardial O2 demand at various working modes and temperatures. During diastole, with low LVEDP, myocardial oxygen consumption and energy substrate utilization are minimized. The rapid attainment of diastolic…
Organ damage during cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 11.1 Overview of systemic inflammatory response to CPB. Initiation SIRS is incited by a number of factors, including the interaction of blood with the foreign surfaces of the CPB…
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Figure 10.1 The effect of brain temperature on reported safe duration of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Cardiopulmonary bypass: re-warming Re-warming should be instituted following a planned rate of rise of…
Non-cardiac surgery functions of cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 16.1 CARDIOHELP System is one of the first fully portable emergency life support systems for patients suffering cardiogenic shock. It measures 31 × 25 × 42 cm and weighs 11.5 kg with an ability to…
Pediatric aspects of cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 15.1 Pediatric bypass circuit. Prime fluid calculations First, calculate the patient’s circulating blood volume (PV), which varies with weight as shown below: Patient weight range Calculated circulating volume (PV)…
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery
html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml” xmlns:mml=”http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML” xmlns:epub=”http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops”> Chapter 13 Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery Robert C. AlbrightJr. The incidence of perioperative renal injury appears to be increasing in the ever more…
Weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 8.1 Transesophageal echocardiogram (mid-esophageal, left ventricular outflow tract view) showing the heart during de-airing following aortic valve surgery. Air is seen as white speckles throughout the left heart. Of…
