Fig. 10.1 Computed tomography image of a patient with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, demonstrating heterogeneous lung disease with dependent atelectasis Placing adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the…
Fig. 17.1 Mortality rates over time in published pediatric observational cohorts, predominantly in the Western hemisphere, with sample sizes ≥100 subjects and with similar PARDS-type inclusion criteria. The solid regression…
1. Facilitation of procedures or diagnostic studies (a) Endotracheal intubation (b) Central line placement (c) Radiological imaging (MRI, CT scanning) 2. Immobilization during interhospital or intrahospital transport 3. Intensive care…
Author Cohort FO threshold Outcome Gillespie et al. [18] CRRT 10% OR death 3.02 > 10% FO Foland et al. [19] CRRT 10% increment 1.78 OR death for each 10% FO increase…
Characteristics Pediatrics Adults Impact on airway resistance with reduction in airway radius (e.g., airway edema) Greater increase Smaller increase Chest wall compliance Greater compliance Less compliance Functional residual capacity Lower…
Direct Indirect Pulmonary infections Sepsis Inhalations Multiple trauma Pulmonary contusions Blood transfusion Aspiration Severe burns Mechanical ventilation Pancreatitis Major surgery Ischemia-reperfusion injury Significant overlap exists between the regulation of normal…
Imaging Clinical and physiological information Advantages Weakness/drawbacks Risks and unknown X-ray Etiological diagnosis PEEP adjustment (recruitment) Detection of complications Available at bedside Poor sensitivity and specificity Large interobserver variability Radiation…
Fig. 8.1 Potential uses of biomarkers in asthma Table 8.1 Biomarker thresholds used for the selection of targeted asthma therapies (a) and effect of targeted therapies on biomarkers and clinical…
Fig. 14.1 Overlap between difficult-to-control and severe asthma 14.2.1 Asthma Masqueraders Asthma mimics are common and typically poorly or unresponsive to conventional asthma management and therapies. The differential diagnosis for…
Fig. 12.1 Prevalence of asthma in adult women and men in the United States from ∗Akinbamai et al. [1] and ∗∗ Wang et al. [2] Obesity is associated with increased…
