Fig. 8.1 The supply and drainage configuration of the coronary arterial and venous systems [28]. Reproduced with permission of Springer in the format Educational/Instructional Program via Copyright Clearance Center Fig….
Fig. 37.1 Amplatzer Septal Occluder device. (A) Right atrial angiogram performed after deployment of the device in a secundum atrial septal defect, but before release. The right atrial disc is…
Fig. 1.1 The major components of the cardiovascular system: circulating blood, the blood vessels, the heart, and the lymphatic system. (Left) Major vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart…
Fig. 41.1 Images from perfusion-fixed hearts from the Visible Heart® laboratory’s library : (1) calcified aortic valve (upper left panel), (2) pulmonary valve (upper right panel), (3) subvalvular apparatus of…
Fig. 31.1 Illustration of an implanted CRT system with right atrial, right ventricular, and left ventricular leads. Courtesy of Medtronic plc 31.4 Implantation of CRT Implantation of a CRT system…
Fig. 14.1 General afferent and efferent pathways/connections of the hypothalamus (medial and lateral), the pituitary gland (adeno- and neurohypophysis), the limbic system, the thalamus, and the mesencephalon. Note the medial…
Fig. 39.1 Schematic of a HeartMate SNAP-VE ventricular assist device system. One can see the internal connections at the apex of the left ventricle where there is inflow into the…
Heart rate Blood pressure Mentation Skin perfusion Urine output 50 cm3/h Normal lactate/acid base status Appropriate response to therapeutic interventions 23.2.2 Evaluation of Cardiac Function Another reason for consideration of…
Secondary determinants influencing MVO2 include (1) the relative heart rate, (2) myocardial stroke work, (3) imposed afterloads, and/or (4) the inotropic state of the myocardium. Importantly, associated with cardiac surgery,…
By location By receptor types Cardiac receptors • Myocardial • Conduction system • Others G protein-coupled receptors Tyrosine kinase-linked receptors Guanylyl cyclase-linked receptors Vascular receptors • Endothelial • Vascular smooth muscle • Others Other receptors (low-sensitivity…
