Fig. 35.1 Platelets induce chemotactic, adhesive, and proteolytic properties of endothelial cells However, platelet IL-1β not only modifies endothelial release of chemotactic proteins, but it also has the potential to…

Author Year Ref. Brain Vasc Eye Spleen Heart Intestinal Kidney P. valve No TE Death FU Alvarez-Blanco A 1994 [25]        1    Schumacher M 1995 [26]            Sakaguchi G 1998 [27]            Myers…

Fig. 36.1 Canonical BMP signaling pathways. BMP form a heteromeric complex with type I and type II BMP receptors. Subsequent to this complex formation, the type II receptor phosphorylates the…

  Group I Group II Group III Patients 9 5 4 Clinic Age 63.4 62.2 70.7 Males (%) 88.8 60 100 Smoking (%) 77.7 80 75 Diabetes (%) 22.2 40…

Location Procedure Restenosis (%) References Coronary PTA 21–55 [1–3] Coronary BMS 16–44 [1–3] Coronary DES 10 [4–11] Coronary Atherectomy 27–39 [12, 13] Renal PTA 26–100 [14] Renal BMS 17–60 [14–16]…

Fig. 48.1 Oxidative stress Physiological levels of free radicals are essential for cell differentiation, cell growth, cell apoptosis, and immunity against invading microorganisms [21–23]. However, when these free radicals overwhelm…

Fig. 51.1 Mechanisms that regulate CSPC migration (a), differentiation (b), and proliferation (c). CXCR4 C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4, SDF-1 stromal cell-derived factor-1, sVCAM soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules, SCF…

Effects of sympathetic stimulation Cellular effects Heart Increased cardiomyocyte calcium entry Increased contractility (inotropy) Myocardial hypertrophy Increased heart rate Gene expression: Increased wall stress Increased expression of fetal genes Decreased…