Key Points • Cardiovascular risk stratification must be improved, and biomarkers, genetic markers, and imaging provide the best avenue toward this improvement. • All currently available markers (biomarkers and genetic…
Key Points • The number of patients around the world with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased alarmingly. • Even mild to moderate worsening of kidney function has become an…
Key Points • Myocardial infarction, especially early-onset myocardial infarction, and blood lipid concentrations are partly heritable traits. • In genome-wide association studies of blood lipid concentrations, more than 30 chromosome…
Key Points • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an ideal scenario for prevention efforts because (1) it is a common disease; (2) it is modifiable by behavior; (3) it has…
Key Points • The regional anatomy of the superior vena cava is an important arrhythmogenic substrate for various arrhythmias. • Cryoablation has unique attributes to prevent collateral damage when ablating…
Key Points • The best candidate for cryosurgery is a patient with refractory drug-sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) from a left anterior aneurysm more than 2 months after a myocardial infarction,…
Key Points • Large myocardial lesions can be created in the right and left ventricles in animal models with use of nitrous oxide–powered catheters. • A 8-mm tip electrode on…
Key Points • Atrial fibrillation increases the risk for stroke and death. • Surgical endocardial cryoablation is considered to be safe, effective, and useful in eliminating atrial fibrillation in patients…
Key Points • Cryoballoon ablation is an accepted alternative strategy for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. • Cryoballoon technique is an anatomic-guided ablation approach. • Cryoballoon ablation for PV isolation is…
Key Points • Cryoablation has advantages because of the unique properties of lesion formation in small, immature hearts. • Radiofrequency ablation may have a small chance of a complication that…
