Hereditary Arrhythmias
Figure 8.1 Suggested risk stratification for life threatening cardiac events in non- genotyped patients with the long QT syndrome. ACA aborted cardiac arrest, KM Kaplan Meier, SCD sudden cardiac death….
Erectile and Sex Hormone Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Consequences in CKD
Metabolic disease Diabetes mellitus Chronic kidney disease Hypogonadism Hyperprolactinemia Hypertension Obesity Metabolic Syndrome Dyslipidemia Liver, Lung and cardiovascular disease Neurologic disease Spinal Cord injury Brain injury Parkinson disease Multiple sclerosis…
Future Therapeutic Prospects for Treatment of Cardiorenal Syndromes
Drug or strategy Major inference with respect to type 1 cardiorenal syndrome High dose loop diuretics ↑ AKI, no reduction in rehospitalization or death [2] Continuous infusions of loop diuretics…
Reversing Arterial Stiffening and Calcification: A Pipe Dream?
Fig. 13.1 Diagram representing the intermediate role of arterial stiffness in chronic cardiorenal syndromes. See text for explaining separate depicted, and additional amplifying components of the triangle Arterial stiffness is…
Vitamin D and Its Effects on the Heart
Study Population N Male (%) Age (years) Baseline 25(OH)D (ng/mL) Follow-up (years) Exposure ([25(OH)D] in ng/mL) Outcome Association Wang et al. [10] Community-dwelling adults, no previous CVD 1,739 45 59…
Challenging Complex Diseases
Fig. 20.1 Common and commonly overlapping co-morbidities [6] Despite the subspecialisation it is vital to take into account comorbidities. For instance a reduced renal function significantly limits available treatment choices…
MRA Inhibition in CKD: More Than Salt and Water
Fig. 5.1 Aldosterone exerts effects in the kidney, the heart, the vasculature and on the metabolism. It binds to the mineralocorticoid receptor in various target cells to induce different effect…
Vascular Effects of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in CKD
Molecule Molecular weight (kDa) Normal levels Concentration in advanced CKD Potential contribution to vascular injury Adiponectin 30 <11 mg/L >15 mg/L Low levels associated with vascular injury, high concentrations may…
Effect of Vitamin D on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure
Fig. 10.1 Pathway of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis The role of endothelial dysfunction in the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events has been shown in several clinical studies. Endothelial dysfunction…
Psychological Distress in Physical Long-Term Conditions
Study Long-term condition Design (location) Psychological distress assessment method Number of participants (n) or studies (k) Prevalence (95 % confidence intervals) Depression Moussavi et al. [29] Coronary Heart Disease Observational…
