Chapter 14 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary arterial pressure was measured in 1852,1 but a century elapsed before cardiac catheterization provided the means for studying the physiology of the lesser circulation….
Chapter 32 Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Circulation The word coronary is derived from the Latin coronarius (pertaining to a crown), translated from the Greek stephanos (wreath), which refers to…
Chapter 24 Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum Thomas Peacock,1 in his first edition of Malformations of the Human Heart, wrote: “… the orifice or trunk of the pulmonary artery…
Chapter 9 Congenital Obstruction to Left Atrial Flow Mitral Stenosis, Cor Triatriatum, Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Congenital obstruction to left atrial flow can originate at or near the junction of the…
Chapter 31 Hypoplastic Left Heart In 1952, Lev1 called attention to congenital hypoplasia of major components of the left side of the heart. In 1958, Noonan and Nadas2 referred to…
Chapter 29 Congenital Anomalies of Vena Caval Connection Anomalous vena caval connections comprise a wide range of malformations that vary from minor to major and that occur in isolation or…
Chapter 30 Congenital Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula In 1897, the British Medical Journal published a necropsy description of congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae,1 and four decades later, the anomaly was recognized in…
Chapter 2 Normal or Innocent Murmurs Murmurs that occur in the absence of either morphologic or physiologic abnormalities of the heart or circulation have been called normal, innocent, functional, physiologic,…
Chapter 12 Congenital Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation William Osler1 described pulmonary regurgitation in The Principles and Practice of Medicine (1892): “This rare affection is occasionally due to a congenital malformation, particularly…
Chapter 4 Isolated Congenital Complete Heart Block Congenital complete atrioventricular block was recognized in 1901 when Morquio1 described familial recurrence with Stokes-Adams attacks and death in childhood. In 1908, van…
