Possible causes Symptoms and findings Suggested studies Gastrointestinal causes GERD Aspiration Vomiting Blockage or coughing with food pH metry Video swallow study Speech therapy assessment Respiratory causes Viral infection/pertussis Aspiration/foreign…
NIV indications (a) Patients with chronic respiratory failure and sleep-related hypoventilation syndromes with at least one criterion: Frequent SpO2 <90% in continuous 8-hour observation FVC <50%; PiMax <40…
Clinic Social-ethic Hemodynamic stability during the past 2 weeks Stable ventilatory parameters for the past 3 weeks, with FiO2 lower than 0.4. Last arterial blood gasses without acidosis Permeable airway, mature tracheotomy…
Study Usefulness Observations Esophageal pH-metry Evaluates the presence of acidic fluid Useful to evaluate anti-GER treatment Does not detect mildly acidic or non-acidic fluids Esophageal pH-metry multichannel intraluminal impedance Evaluates…
Fig. 41.1 Inflammation physiopathology Physiopathology The main asthma mechanism is caused by the reduction of the caliber of the airway. Factors that may contribute to this are enlargement of the…
Major criteria Minor criteria Father or mother with asthma diagnosed by a medical doctor. Eczema diagnosed by medical doctor. Allergic rhinitis diagnosed by medical doctor Wheezing episodes not related to…
Fig. 34.1 Age distribution for MERS . (Source: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/RRA-MERS-CoV-thirteenth-update.pdf) Clinical presentation is characterized by fever, cough, myalgia, and diarrhea. The disease has a wide symptomatic spectrum, which can range from…
Receptor Ligands TLR1 Bacterial lipoproteins TLR2 Lipopeptides, lipoteichoic acid TLR3 Double-stranded RNA TLR4 Lipopolysaccharides TLR5 Flagellin TLR6 Lipopeptides TLR7/TLR8 Imidazoquinolines, single-stranded RNA TLR9 Unmethylated CpG DNA TLR10 Unknown NOD-like receptor…
Type and consequences Examples of mutations Potential therapies 1. No CFTR synthesis G542X, W1282X, R553X, 3950delT PTC124 2. Abnormal CFTR retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and damaged ΔF508 VX-809 VX-700…
Fig. 16.1 (a, b) The evolution of ECMO technology over time from large, complex systems to compact modern devices Irrespective of the changes over the last several decades, ECMO consists…
