Fig. 7.1 Mechanisms of gas exchange and pressure transmission during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Mechanisms include pendelluft (i.e., movement of gas between lung regions with different time constants), convective gas transport…
Acute lower respiratory tract diseases Bronchiolitis Pneumonia Pulmonary edema Acute chest syndrome Atelectasis Avoidance of intubation or re-intubations Do-Not-Intubate (DNI) or comfort-measures-only (CMO) Immunocompromised status Neuromuscular disorders Neurological illnesses Cystic…
Recommendation 1: In children with PARDS requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, the causes that contribute to ongoing ventilator dependence should be systematically evaluated at least once daily. The…
Fig. 15.1 Various etiologies of lung injury in the immunocompromised patient, all with the potential to contribute to severe PARDS While sending cultures, in theory, seems simple, in practice, the…
Fig. 10.1 Computed tomography image of a patient with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome, demonstrating heterogeneous lung disease with dependent atelectasis Placing adults with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the…
Fig. 17.1 Mortality rates over time in published pediatric observational cohorts, predominantly in the Western hemisphere, with sample sizes ≥100 subjects and with similar PARDS-type inclusion criteria. The solid regression…
Author Cohort FO threshold Outcome Gillespie et al. [18] CRRT 10% OR death 3.02 > 10% FO Foland et al. [19] CRRT 10% increment 1.78 OR death for each 10% FO increase…
1. Facilitation of procedures or diagnostic studies (a) Endotracheal intubation (b) Central line placement (c) Radiological imaging (MRI, CT scanning) 2. Immobilization during interhospital or intrahospital transport 3. Intensive care…
Characteristics Pediatrics Adults Impact on airway resistance with reduction in airway radius (e.g., airway edema) Greater increase Smaller increase Chest wall compliance Greater compliance Less compliance Functional residual capacity Lower…
Imaging Clinical and physiological information Advantages Weakness/drawbacks Risks and unknown X-ray Etiological diagnosis PEEP adjustment (recruitment) Detection of complications Available at bedside Poor sensitivity and specificity Large interobserver variability Radiation…
