Pattern Incidence Causal agent Diffuse Common Pneumocystis Cytomegalovirus Mycobacterium Rare Cryptococcus Aspergillus Candida Nodular or cavitary Common Cryptococcus Bacteria Nocardia Aspergillus Mycobacterium Rare Legionella Septic embolism Focal Common Bacteria Cryptococcus…
High pressures in the first breaths Expulsion of lung fluid Decrease in lung vascular resistance Constriction and functional closure of the arteriosus ductus High distensibility of the rib cage Low…
Fig. 47.1 Frequency of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) Table 47.1 Causes of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) Transplant Graft versus host after bone marrow transplant Chronic rejection after lung transplant Infections Virus…
Fig. 10.1 Flow/volume curves. (a) Patient with mild to moderate expiratory muscular compromise. The initial slope of a slow ascent is observed. The maximum expiratory flow (MEF) does not show…
Type Cause Respiratory drive Pharmacological Drug overdose, anesthesia Congenital Central hypoventilation syndrome Acquired Cerebrovascular accident Neuromuscular Cervical spinal cord injury Trauma Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Guillain–Barré syndrome Anterior horn disease…
Fig. 27.1 Bronchial sequelae of a foreign body. Anteroposterior chest x-ray of a 5-year-old child presenting with chronic atelectasis in the left inferior lobe (a). Axial CT scan of the chest,…
Fig. 43.1 Ciliary structure Fig. 43.2 Normal cilia. Cross section of normal cilium and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Uranyl acetate and lead citrate. ×100,000 Ciliary Function A cylindrical pseudostratified mucosa…
Fig. 52.1 Physiopathology of sickle cell anemia. (Source: Adapted from Rees DC et al. Lancet. 2010;376:218–222) Vaso-occlusive crises are caused by erythrocyte and leukocyte entrapment in the microcirculation, originating vascular…
