Indication Assessment of the airway Suspicion of a foreign body Malformation of the upper airway Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Persistent/recurrent symptom (cough, stridor, wheezing) Persistent/recurrent disease (atelectasis, pneumonia, etc.) Follow-up…
1. High airway obstruction Congenital Craniofacial dimorphism Paralysis of the vocal chords Subglottic hemangioma Subglottic membrane Upper subglottic or tracheal stenosis Pharyngeal collapse Severe laryngomalacia Acquired Secondary subglottic stenosis Severe…
Airway disease Asthma, cystic fibrosis, interstitial emphysema Postinfectious Pneumocystis jirovecii, tuberculosis, lung abscess, necrotizing pneumonia, HIV, parasites Connective tissue diseases Marfan syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,…
Fig. 54.1 Origin of the different bronchopulmonary malformations Epidemiology It has been difficult to estimate the precise incidence of lung malformations, and because they are asymptomatic lesions, many authors consider…
Immune category Age: <12 months Age: 1–5 years Age: 6–13 years CD4/μl (%) CD4/μl (%) CD4/μl (%) No immunosuppression ≥1500 (≥25) ≥1000 (≥25) ≥500 (≥25) Moderate immunosuppression 750–1499 (14–24) 500–999 (14–24) 200–499 (14–24)…
Cause Laryngomalacia Vocal cord paralysis Congenital or acquired congenital stenosis Laryngeal cleft Laryngeal membrane Subglottic hemangioma Laryngeal papillomatosis Cysts and laryngoceles Laryngeal condylomatosis Proximal tracheomalacia Foreign body Applied Physiopathology Stridor…
Fig. 73.1 Survival rate of newborns. Survival rate of 34,650 newborns after reported ECMO to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO), grouped by cause of admission to ECMO (ERCP Extracorporeal…
Fig. 30.1 Taxonomy of Paramyxoviridae virus RSV, particularly, expresses two superficial glycoproteins: fusion (F) protein and binding proteins (G). These glycoproteins are very important in the virus lack of effectiveness…
