Thoracic Key

Lung carcinoma 37 % Breast carcinoma 16.8 % Lymphoma 11.5 % Genitourinary carcinomas 9.4 % Gastrointestinal carcinomas 6.9 % Other carcinomas 7.3 % Unknown primary 10.7 % Pleural effusion is…

Fig. 27.1 Necessary equipments for the pleura-videoscopy: (a) The pleura-videoscope (a rigid thoracoscope with a bidirectional flexible tip – length: 52 cm, caliber: 7.0 mm) (black arrow) and alligator jaw-type…

Fig. 26.1 Normal parietal (a, b) and visceral (c, d) pleura as shown by white-light thoracoscopy (WLT) and autofluorescence thoracoscopy (AT), respectively Fig. 26.2 Breast cancer metastasis to the parietal…

Viskum and Enk (1981)  Revision of 2,298 reported procedures in 15 (general) series   Subcutaneous emphysema: 1.3 %   Empyema: 2 %   (Significant) bleeding: 2.3 %   Air embolism: 0.2 %   Death due…

Type Aetiology Primary spontaneous No underlying lung disease (but blebs/bullae commonly present) Secondary spontaneous Associated with underlying lung disease, e.g. COPD, Cystic Fibrosis, AIDS Traumatic Related to trauma to the…

Fig. 5.1 Panel (a) curvilinear ultrasound probe with a frequency range of 2–5 MHz. Panel (b) thoracic ultrasound performed pre-thoracoscopy with the patient in the lateral decubitus position Fig. 5.2…

Fig. 17.1 The pulmonary biopsy technique. The biopsy area is grasped with the forceps perpendicular to the pulmonary surface (a). The forceps are closed for 1–2 s and pulled towards…