Alveolar Ventilation
Objectives 1. Understand the composition of gases from ambient air to the alveoli. 2. Describe the alveolar air equation and its use. 3. Define the alveolar carbon dioxide equation and…
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
Objectives 1. Explain diffusion limitation and perfusion limitation and their importance in gas exchange 2. Apply Fick’s law to the alveolar–capillary surface. 3. Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon…
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Lung
Objectives 1. Describe patterns of particle deposition in the nose and airways and how they relate to lung defense and disease. 2. Describe the role of the nose in lung…
Overview of the Respiratory System: Function and Structure
Objectives 1. Introduce the major functions of respiration. 2. Describe the components of the upper and lower airways. 3. Outline and briefly describe the components of the respiratory system including:…
Control of Respiration
Objectives 1. Provide an overview of the three basic elements of the ventilatory control system. 2. Explain the structure and function of central chemoreceptors and peripheral chemoreceptors and their interrelationship….
The Lung Under Special Circumstances
Objectives 1. Explain the circulatory and ventilatory changes associated with exercise. 2. Outline three ways that exercise testing can be performed. 3. Describe the five stages of fetal lung development….
Pulmonary Aspects of Acid–Base Balance and Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation
Objectives 1. Explain the nine types of acid–base conditions. 2. Distinguish between acute and chronic acid–base conditions and compensatory mechanisms. 3. Explain respiratory compensatory mechanisms. 4. Explain renal compensatory mechanisms….
Multiple-Choice Examination
1. If a patient’s total lung capacity is 5.0 L with a tidal volume of 0.5 L, an inspiratory reserve volume of 3.0 L, and an expiratory reserve volume of…
Abbreviations, Gas Laws
Abbreviations 1.1 Pressures P b , barometric (ambient) pressure P h 2 o , water vapor pressure 1.2 Respiratory Gases P a , partial pressure of a gas in alveolar…
Answers to Self-Study Problems
Chapter 1 1. The alveolar–capillary unit has a large surface area for gas exchange. In addition, there is a short distance between the alveolus and the red blood cell, and…
