Comparative Cardiac Anatomy

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Comparative Cardiac Anatomy

Fig. 6.1 Drawing of the coronary arterial circulation in the: (A) dog, (B) pig, and (C) human. Notice the extensive network of coronary collateralization in the dog heart, including many…

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Introduction to Echocardiography

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Introduction to Echocardiography

where SF = shortening fraction, LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension. Normal values vary with age and range from 35–45 % in infants to 28–44 % in adolescents and…

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Blood Pressure, Heart Tones, and Diagnoses

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Blood Pressure, Heart Tones, and Diagnoses

where PP = SBP − DBP, MAP = mean arterial pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, PP = pulse pressure, and SBP = systolic blood pressure. Blood flow throughout the circulatory system follows pressure gradients. By the time blood reaches the right…

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The Use of Isolated Heart Models and Anatomical Specimens as Means to Enhance the Design and Testing of Cardiac Devices

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on The Use of Isolated Heart Models and Anatomical Specimens as Means to Enhance the Design and Testing of Cardiac Devices

Fig. 41.1 Images from perfusion-fixed hearts from the Visible Heart® laboratory’s library : (1) calcified aortic valve (upper left panel), (2) pulmonary valve (upper right panel), (3) subvalvular apparatus of…

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Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Fig. 31.1 Illustration of an implanted CRT system with right atrial, right ventricular, and left ventricular leads. Courtesy of Medtronic plc 31.4 Implantation of CRT Implantation of a CRT system…

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Autonomic Nervous System

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Autonomic Nervous System

Fig. 14.1 General afferent and efferent pathways/connections of the hypothalamus (medial and lateral), the pituitary gland (adeno- and neurohypophysis), the limbic system, the thalamus, and the mesencephalon. Note the medial…

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