Fig. 40.1 Body water distribution (From Agrò and Vennari 2013, pp 1–26) The TCS is a functional compartment represented by the amount of fluid and electrolytes continually exchanged (in and…
Fig. 20.1 Transposition of the great arteries Two main hypotheses are recognized (Marino et al. 2002). Gore and Edwards proposed that TGA was caused by the lack of the normal…
Score Clinical description 1 Patient anxious and agitated or restless or both 2 Patient cooperative, orientated, and tranquil 3 Patient asleep, responds to commands 4 Patient asleep, with brisk response…
Fig. 8.1 Rapid heart rate calculation by dividing the number of large boxes between two consecutive R waves by 300 1. Dividing the number of large boxes between two consecutive…
Fig. 19.1 Conotruncal spiraling Fig. 19.2 Features of TOF Uncomplicated TOF Presentation and Anatomic Correlation A neonate born with TOF typically has three of the four important anatomic components: a…
Compensates the reduction of oxygen-carrying capacity by the anemia by increasing cardiac output (limited response) Adaptation to the low intrauterine oxygen tension by increasing hematocrit through Hb F (70 %…
Preoperative factors Age Neonates Prematures Low birth weight Undeveloped coagulation system and calcium hemostasis Comorbidities Acquired coagulopathies Dilution and trauma post CPB Renal or hepatic insufficiency Congenital coagulopathies von Willebrand…
Fig. 2.1 Early development of the heart; (a–c) Dorsal view of an embryo. Hemangioblasts reside in the splanchnic mesoderm in front of the neural plate and on each side of…
Fig. 31.1 Illustration of normal coronary anatomy showing the LMT arising from the left coronary sinus and the RCA off the right coronary sinus. The LMT after a short segment…
Fig. 32.1 Heart transplants per year and status at transplant from 1988 to May 2016 for pediatric patients 0 years to 18 years of age (From UNOS) For May 2016,…
