Purpose of a high-risk clinic Address diagnostic uncertainties Recognize and manage factors that make asthma “difficult to treat” Persistent triggers Suboptimal adherence and inhaler technique Uncontrolled comorbidities Optimize self-management skills…
Fig. 7.1 The five adult clinical cluster phenotypes from the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) with the predominant clinical characteristics. (Reprinted with permission of the American Thoracic Society. Copyright ©…
Most common agents for occupational asthma Workers at risk of exposure Isocyanates Rigid or flexible polyurethane foam makers, polyurethane foam insulation installers, urethane spray painters, users of adhesives Flour Bakers,…
Fig. 9.1 Induction of TH2 cells . TSLP, IL-25, and IL-33 produced by respiratory epithelium on exposure to respiratory allergens, pollutants, or viruses promote the induction of allergen-specific TH2 cells….
Parameter Changes in pregnancy Respiratory rate Unchanged Minute ventilation Increases by 30–50% Tidal volume (Vt) Increases by 40% Oxygen consumption Increases by 20% Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) Unchanged…
Fig. 11.1 Practical therapeutic approach to non-eosinophilic asthma. (LAMA Long-acting antimuscarinic antagonist, LABA Long-acting beta agonists, SABA Short-acting beta agonists, TSLP Thymic stromal lymphopoietin) The first step is to confirm…
ICS/LABA (n = 17,537) ICS (n = 17,552) ICS/LABA vs. ICS hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) Serious asthma-related events Death Intubation Hospitalization 116 2 1 115 105 0 2 105 1.10 (0.85–1.44) Adapted…
Fig. 14.1 Different types of blood pressure variability, their determinants, and prognostic relevance. Taken from [2] by permission. ∗Assessed in laboratory conditions; ‡cardiac, vascular, and renal subclinical organ damage; §blood…
Author (Year) Recruitment (country) No. Participants (% women) Age, years (SD) Device Model (Company) Measurement days (intervals) Measurements per night Systolic BP, mmHg Diastolic BP, mmHg Sleep quality assessment Observational…
Home BP Office BP Ambulatory BP Number of BP measurements ++ + +++ Misleading phenomena (white-coat effect, masked hypertension effect, placebo effect) − + − Observer bias elimination +++…
