Inadequate first procedure (sampling error) Restaging of lung cancer after induction therapy Inflammatory mediastinal diseases Mediastinitis Recurrent lung cancer Metachronous second primary lung cancer Lung cancer occurring after unrelated disease…
Fig. 5.1 Diagrammatic illustration showing access to the right pleural cavity with the retraction of the superior vena cava anteriorly SVC Superior vena cava; IJV Internal jugular vein; IA Innominate…
Fig. 3.1 A 69-year-old male patient who underwent left upper lobectomy with systematic nodal dissection in 2010. Pathologic diagnosis: squamous lung carcinoma, pT2aN0M0. During follow-up, CT detected an enlarged (15…
Evaluation of PES transit abnormalities Evaluation of esophageal mucosal pathology Evaluation of esophageal motility Evaluation of obstructing esophageal pathology (web, ring, stricture) Evaluation of diverticuli Evaluation of hiatal hernia Evaluation…
Evaluation of pre-swallow PES fluoroscopic anatomy Evaluation of laryngohyoid elevation Evaluation of pharyngeal contractility Evaluation of PES opening Evaluation of the posterior cricoid region Evaluation of the posterior hypopharyngeal wall…
Fig. 5.1 Region of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). IPC inferior pharyngeal constrictor; CPM cricopharyngeus muscle. (Gray, Henry. Anatomy of the Human Body. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger 1918) Fig. 5.2…
Item 0 = no problem 4 = severe problem 1. I have lost weight due to my swallowing disorder. 0 1 2 3 4 2. I cannot eat out due to my swallowing disorder….
Cause Example Inflammatory/Infectious Pericoronitis Masticatory myositis Peritonsillar abscess Submucous fibrosis Traumatic Mandibular fracture Zygomatic arch fracture Neoplasm Parotid malignancy Retromolar trigone carcinoma Infratemporal fossa tumor Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Medication Phenothiazine Metachlopromide…
Measure Value (20 cc bolus) Age < 65 years Age ≥ 65 years Oropharyngeal transit time (s) 0.23 0.42 Hypopharyngeal transit time (s) 0.64 0.77 Airway closure duration (s) 0.72 0.85 PES opening duration (s)…
Fig. 6.1 Esophageal compression on anterior–posterior videofluoroscopic esophagram caused by upper esophageal sphincter (black arrows) Fig. 6.2 Diagram of thoracic compressions on the esophagus caused by the aorta and left…
