Fig. 4.1 The left panel is a diagrammatic representation of pulmonary cavities on each side of the thorax with the mediastinum in between. The right panel illustrates the divisions of…

Fig. 7.1 An anatomical plate of a human heart with the atria and great arteries removed showing the relationship between the four valves at the base of the heart. Note…

Fig. 5.1 Position of the heart in the thorax. The heart lies in the protective thorax, posterior to the sternum and costal cartilages, and rests on the superior surface of…

Fig. 13.1 Conduction system of the heart. Normal excitation originates in the sinoatrial node and then propagates through both atria (internodal tracts shown as dashed lines). The atrial depolarization spreads…

Fig. 29.1 Schematic of radiofrequency lesion formation Fig. 29.2 Illustration of depth and width of lesion formation . (A) Left ventricle (8 mm catheter tip; 32: 9.2 mm wide, 10…

Fig. 21.1 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) . ATP is the major source of chemical energy used to power the reactions that support contractile and other processes in myocardium and all other…

Fig. 25.1 John Dilorio (Dr. Iaizzo’s cousin) was a young cardiac patient of Dr. Lillehei and his team, shown here in 1958 (a) in his hospital bed at the University…

Fig. 32.1 Image illustrating fluoroscopy’s poor soft tissue contrast 32.3 Recent Developments In an effort to overcome the limitations associated with conventional EP mapping techniques, considerable advances have been made…

Fig. 24.1 A single magnetic dipole moment in a static magnetic field of strength, B 0. It is customary to align the z axis of a rectangular coordinate system with…

Fig. 19.1 After conduction begins at the sinoatrial node, cells in the atria begin to depolarize. This creates an electrical wavefront that moves down toward the ventricles, with polarized cells…