Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis MOHAMMAD H. ESLAMI and ZACHARIAH K. ESLAMI Presentation A 65-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with right-sided paralysis and expressive aphasia. Her husband told the…
Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy—Carotid Artery Stenting DUSTIN Y. YOON and MARK K. ESKANDARI Presentation A 65-year-old right-handed gentleman with a history of tobacco use, myocardial infarction status post coronary bypass, and…
Cerebral Hyperperfusion after Carotid Artery Endarterectomy MARCUS E. SEMEL, LIANGGE HSU, and C. KEITH OZAKI Presentation A 67-year-old male with a history of dyslipidemia, essential hypertension, and a chronically occluded…
Best Medical Therapy in Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis VIJAIGANESH NAGARAJAN and ADITYA M. SHARMA Presentation A 78-year-old female with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension visited her primary physician for…
Workup of Patient with Atherosclerotic Arterial Vascular Disease: Focus on Risk Factor Modification SUROVI HAZARIKA and ADITYA M. SHARMA Presentation A 72-year-old woman with past medical history of hypertension and…
Acute Stroke after CEA MATTHEW R. ABATE and MOHAMMED M. MOURSI Presentation A 65-year-old Caucasian man is 45 minutes following a right carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and is now in the…
Fig. 7.1 Interaction between the sympathetic nervous system, the adrenal gland, and the cardiovascular system in chronic heart failure. Under physiological conditions, sympathetic nerves innervating the heart release noradrenaline to…
Fig. 5.1 Excitation–contraction (EC) coupling in nonfailing a and failing b hearts. Adapted from Brum, PC et al. 2006, “Neurohumoral activation in heart failure: the role of adrenergic receptors”, Annals of…
Fig. 4.1 How the subclassification of adrenoceptors has developed since 1948 Further studies were hampered by the lack of an antagonist at β-adrenoceptors, until Powell and Slater [111] reported dichloroisoprenaline…
Fig. 3.1 Schematic representation of β2-AR signaling to eNOS and the role of the Gi–Src–Akt axis. See text for details and molecular acronym definitions. cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA protein…
