Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging and MR-Conditional Cardiac Devices
Fig. 24.1 A single magnetic dipole moment in a static magnetic field of strength, B 0. It is customary to align the z axis of a rectangular coordinate system with…
Basic ECG Theory, 12-Lead Recordings, and Their Interpretation
Fig. 19.1 After conduction begins at the sinoatrial node, cells in the atria begin to depolarize. This creates an electrical wavefront that moves down toward the ventricles, with polarized cells…
Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Abnormal impulse initiation •Automaticity –Enhanced normal automaticity: as seen in inappropriate sinus tachycardia. –Abnormal automaticity: as in ectopic atrial tachycardia, accelerated junctional rhythm, and idiopathic ventricular tachycardias. •Triggered activity –Early…
Animal Models for Cardiac Research
Fig. 27.1 ADInstruments Langendorff perfusion setup. Courtesy of ADInstruments Several different methods for studying the isolated heart are possible, two of these methods are the Langendorff perfusion approach and the…
Less Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Fig. 35.1 Totally aortic “non-touch” technique in off-pump three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting surgery via left minithoracotomy; the inflow vein grafts come from the distal left subclavian artery in addition…
Cellular Myocytes
Fig. 12.1 A typical mammalian cell. The intracellular environment is separated from the extracellular environment by a lipid bilayer membrane (see area encircled in figure). Each cell contains a nucleus…
Heart Valve Disease
Fig. 34.1 Apical view of the four heart valves—aortic, mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid 34.2 A New Frontier: Valve Replacement Before 1950, the ability to safely and effectively operate on the…
Transcatheter Valve Repair and Replacement
Fig. 36.1 Two potential approaches for the delivery of a transcatheter pulmonic valve : (A) transvenously into the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve, or (B) transapically through the…
Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegia
Fig. 33.1 Total cardiopulmonary bypass showing the venous cannulas in the superior and inferior vena cavae with constrictions placed around the respective veins. The venous blood is draining to the…
Comparative Cardiac Anatomy
Fig. 6.1 Drawing of the coronary arterial circulation in the: (A) dog, (B) pig, and (C) human. Notice the extensive network of coronary collateralization in the dog heart, including many…
