Tetralogy of Fallot
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 23.1 General Considerations 23.1.1 Embryology and Pathology The diagnosis criteria, with regard to pathology and anatomy, of tetralogy of Fallot…
Position and Observation of the Heart and Surgical Approaches
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 2.1 Position of the Heart The heart is a muscular organ in the mediastinum, a cavity located anterior to the…
The Cardiac Skeleton and the Aortic Root
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 9.1 General Considerations 9.1.1 The Cardiac Skeleton The fibrous skeleton of the heart, namely, the cardiac skeleton, is a framework…
The Left Ventricle
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 8.1 General Considerations 8.1.1 Wall of the Left Ventricle The ventricular wall is separated from the LA by the atrioventricular…
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 14.1 General Considerations Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, also known as anomalous pulmonary venous connection, refers to the condition in which…
Atrial Septal Defect and Cor Triatriatum
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 11.1 Atrial Septal Defect 11.1.1 Formation of Atrial Septal Defect An atrial septal defect (ASD) is an abnormality that occurs…
Ventricular Septal Defect
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China This chapter focuses primarily on the primary ventricular septal defect (VSD). The VSD that occurs as a component of other…
Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 26.1 General Considerations 26.1.1 Definition Corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) is a condition in which the connections of…
Aortic Arch Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 15.1 General Considerations The proximal aortic arch is the beginning part of the innominate artery; the distal aortic arch is…
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
(1) Department of General surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China 25.1 General Considerations TGA, also referred to as transposition of the great arteries, is a case in which the primary…
