Fig. 5.1 CF diagnostic algorithms. (a) North American CF diagnostic algorithm emphasizes clinical suspicion and the importance of newborn screening in the diagnostic process. Reprinted with permission from Farrell, P.M.,…
Midulla et al. [20] Number of patients 16 Age range 2–32 m Sedation LA Number of aliquots 2 Lavage volume 20 ml BALF recovered % Mean ± SD 43.1 ± 12.2 Median 42.5…
Isotype Location Function IgG Free in blood plasma Main immunoglobulin of acquired immunity; crosses placental barrier and provides passive immunity to fetus IgA Saliva, tears, breast milk; also found in…
Fig. 11.1 The earliest known CPET was at the Harvard Fatigue Lab in the 1920s Currently, CPET is subdivided into noninvasive testing (niCPET), done with continuous 12-lead ECG, cuff blood…
Definition Characteristics Clinical group(s) Pulmonary hypertension (PH) Mean PAP ≥25 mmHg All Pre-capillary PH Mean PAP ≥25 mmHg 1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension PWP ≤15 mmHg 3. PH due to lung…
Fig. 9.1 (a) Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in M-mode obtained in the apical four chamber view. The distance between the end-diastolic (a) and end-systolic points (b) is the…
Fig. 7.1 An endemic area of schistosomiasis in Northeast of Brazil, where conditions of poor sanitation favor the dissemination of the disease Fig. 7.2 Biomphalaria glabrata, a snail host of…
Fig. 16.1 Timeline of drugs approved for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the USA. PGI 2 prostaglandins, ERAs endothelial receptor antagonists, PDE5Is phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, sGC+ soluble guanylate cyclase…
Fig. 19.1 Top panel. Right ventricular (RV) and pulmonary arterial (PA) pressures before and after compression of the left PA in an experimental animal (swine). Changes in both the amplitude…
Fig. 6.1 Chest X-ray showing reduced vascular markings throughout left lung caused by large pulmonary embolism Transthoracic echocardiography is often the first objective indication as to the presence of elevated…
