Fig. 14.1 Venous outflow obstruction showing prominent distended veins in the anterior abdominal wall and supra-inguinal collaterals Specific features of CVI such as corona phlebectatica, eczema, lipodermatosclerosis, and atrophie blanche…
Fig. 3.1 Mechanism of valve closure In the upright posture, a reflux lasting less than 0.5 s is physiological; if the duration exceeds 0.5 s, it is defined as pathological…
Fig. 22.1 Nonthrombotic iliac vein lesion This anatomical finding is referred to as nonthrombotic iliac vein lesion (NIVL) and was considered to be of little clinical importance. The external compression…
Fig. 10.1 Groin anatomy in recurrent varicose vein. Type I. SFJ patent. Type I A main stem (GSV intact). Type I B tributary (missed tributaries in the groin). Type I…
Fig. 23.1 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. (a) Localized hypertrophy. (b) Capillary hemangioma. (c) Lateral varicose veins 3. Deep venous abnormalities include aneurysmal dilation, hypoplasia, aplasia [12], and absent or incompetent valves….
© Springer India 2015Subramoniam Vaidyanathan, Riju Ramachandran Menon, Pradeep Jacob and Binni JohnChronic Venous Disorders of the Lower Limbs10.1007/978-81-322-1991-0_21 21. Pelvic Venous Syndromes Subramoniam Vaidyanathan1 (1) General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Lane, Kochi, Kerala, 682041,…
Fig. 12.1 (a) Late changes in the foot – equinus deformity. (b) Late changes in the foot – champagne glass appearance The champagne glass appearance (narrow ankle and expanded calf…
Fig. 11.1 Venous ulcer with lipodermatosclerosis. Fixed ankle joint These lesions of CVI are typically located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue around the ankle joint, an area known as…
Molecule Drug Alpha benzopyrones Coumarins Gama benzopyrones Diosmin (micronized purified flavonoid fraction – MPFF) Rutin, rutosides Saponins Aescin (horse chestnut seed extract) Ruscus extract Other plant extracts Anthocyanins Extract of…
Fig. 13.1 Flow chart for the management of primary CVI Treatment Outcome: Current Literature In contrast to a C2 lesion where all interventions have shown to produce considerable improvement in…
