Tests of Exercise Capacity
Arterial Blood Gases Arterial blood gas analysis is performed to answer various clinical questions: Is gas exchange normal? Is there carbon dioxide retention in the patient with chronic obstructive…
Dynamic Lung Volumes
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or…
Capacity of the Lungs
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or…
(Absolute) Lung Volumes
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or…
and Bronchial
Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or…
Mechanical circulatory support
Figure 9.1 Intra-aortic balloon console tracings. The screen displays the ECG trace at the top, the intra-aortic pressure waveform in the center, and balloon inflation/deflation at the bottom. (a) Full…
Cerebral morbidity in adult cardiac surgery
Figure 12.1 Cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO2) and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) versus mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 33°C. Values for oxygen delivery (on ordinate in ml/100 g…
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Figure 14.1 ECMO system including the console and the blender. Reprinted with permission from Maquet Cardiopulmonary, AG. Copyright 2013 Maquet Cardiopulmonary, AG. All rights reserved. ECMO nomenclature is controversial, as…
Myocardial protection and cardioplegia
Figure 7.1 Myocardial O2 demand at various working modes and temperatures. During diastole, with low LVEDP, myocardial oxygen consumption and energy substrate utilization are minimized. The rapid attainment of diastolic…
Organ damage during cardiopulmonary bypass
Figure 11.1 Overview of systemic inflammatory response to CPB. Initiation SIRS is incited by a number of factors, including the interaction of blood with the foreign surfaces of the CPB…
