Thoracic Key

Hemoptysis Daniel R. Crouch and Tonya D. Russell GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition • Hemoptysis refers to the expectoration of blood originating from the lower airway or lung. • Massive hemoptysis is…

Pulmonary Function Testing Adam Anderson and Adrian Shifren GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are an integral part of a pulmonary evaluation and management. • PFTs can be divided…

Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Alexander C. Chen and Daniel J. Brown GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was developed by Shigeto Ikeda in the 1960s. • FOB has become a vital procedure…

Noninvasive Ventilation Warren Isakow GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation refers to the use of a mask or similar device to provide ventilatory support. •…

The Chest Radiograph Mark Mangano, Adrian Shifren, and Sanjeev Bhalla GENERAL PRINCIPLES • The CXR is ubiquitous in medicine and remains among the hardest of diagnostic studies to master. The…

Fungal Pulmonary Infections Catherine Chen INTRODUCTION • Infections of the lung with both opportunistic and endemic fungi are increasingly common and are a result of the increasing population of immunocompromised…

Chest Computed Tomography Mark Mangano and Sanjeev Bhalla GENERAL PRINCIPLES • The cross-sectional orientation and contrast sensitivity of CT are well suited for detecting, describing, and distinguishing among diseases of…

Hypoxic Respiratory Failure Brad Bemiss, Adrian Shifren, and James Bosanquet GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition Respiratory failure describes a set of conditions impairing delivery of oxygen to the tissues or removal of…

Singultus Sandeep Sodhi GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Singultus, more commonly known as hiccups, is a pervasive problem affecting almost everyone in his or her lifetime. • Hiccups spare no population and…