Infective Endocarditis Ragavendra R. Baliga Sunil K. Das DEFINITION Infectious endocarditis (IE) is defined as infection of the vascular endocardium typically involving heart valves and congenital heart defects. Other arterial…
Bradycardia Eric D. Good Krit Jongnarangsin USUAL CAUSES Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. This traditional rate cutoff is arbitrary, and many asymptomatic…
Ventricular Tachycardia Frank Bogun Bradley Knight Fred Morady USUAL CAUSES Ventricular tachycardia (VT) has many etiologies, but generally occurs in patients with underlying structural heart disease (Table 18.1). This can…
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter Aman Chugh Frank Pelosi Fred Morady Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia necessitating hospitalization in the United States (1). Although not immediately life-threatening,…
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Hakan Oral Fred Morady Supraventricular tachycardias arise in or involve at least some part of the atrium or atrioventricular junction. Supraventricular tachycardias develop as a result of…
Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function Audrey H. Wu Mauro Moscucci Ragavendra R. Baliga Heart failure with preserved systolic function (HF-PSF) is the clinical syndrome of heart failure—manifesting with dyspnea,…
Heart Failure Due to Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction David B. Dyke Todd M. Koelling Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which any abnormality of cardiac function causes either a…
Approach to Secondary Hypertension Robert D. Brook John D. Bisognano Approximately 90% to 95% of people with hypertension have primary (essential) hypertension (1). This elevation of blood pressure is multifactorial…
Primary Hypertension Kenneth A. Jamerson Tonya L. Corbin DEFINITION/DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although the association between blood pressure and cardiovascular (CV) risk exists at…
Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Brahmajee K. Nallamothu Debabrata Mukherjee Eric R. Bates Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains a major public health issue and is a leading cause of death…
