Thoracic Key

The Kidney in Hypertension Renal parenchymal involvement in hypertension In contrast to the remarkable reduction in deaths from stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) that has been achieved primarily as…

Renal Arterial Disease Introduction Several general considerations are worth stating before considering the clinical problem of hypertension resulting from (or exacerbated by) occlusive renal arterial disease. First, occlusive renal arterial…

The Heart in Hypertension Introduction A number of cardiac derangements complicate the natural history and progressive course of systemic hypertensive vascular disease. In addition, several independent comorbid diseases, each with…

Uncomplicated Essential Hypertension Introduction Treatment of patients with essential hypertension has been tremendously successful since publication of the landmark Veterans Administrative Cooperative Study reports. With this impetus, guidelines for the…

Clinical Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Agents Introduction In this chapter the available classes of antihypertensive agents will be discussed. The potential for individualized therapeutic approaches for specifically identified groups of patients…

Evaluation of the Patient Introduction As with all clinical problems, it is essential to evaluate the patient thoroughly before considering management and treatment. If therapy is initiated before overall clinical…

Pathophysiology: Disease Mechanisms Introduction Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases of industrialized populations. It affects approximately 20% of adults in these societies, and a much…