EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Thomas A. Gaziano J. Michael Gaziano Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the most common cause of death worldwide. Before 1900, infectious diseases and malnutrition were the…
APPROACH TO THE PATIENT WITH POSSIBLE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Joseph Loscalzo THE MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM Cardiovascular diseases comprise the most prevalent serious disorders in industrialized nations and are a rapidly…
HYPOXIA AND CYANOSIS Joseph Loscalzo HYPOXIA The fundamental purpose of the cardiorespiratory system is to deliver O2 and nutrients to cells and to remove CO2 and other metabolic products from…
PALPITATIONS Joseph Loscalzo Palpitations are extremely common among patients who present to their internist and can best be defined as an intermittent “thumping,” “pounding,” or “fluttering” sensation in the chest….
