Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia
Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia Keith S. Naunheim Melanie Edwards Classification of Hiatal Hernia Hiatal hernias are generally classified into four types, the most common of which is the sliding or type…
Esophageal Endoscopic Procedures in Thoracic Surgery
Esophageal Endoscopic Procedures in Thoracic Surgery Susan Ramdhaney Scott Tenner Background Over 14 million adults suffer from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) annually. The pathogenesis of GERD involves the inappropriate relaxation…
Cardial Incompetence and Associated Gastroesophageal Reflux
Cardial Incompetence and Associated Gastroesophageal Reflux Katherine A. Barsness Marleta Reynolds Nelson and associates14 reported that up to 50% of all infants up to 3 months of age and 67%…
Barrett’s Esophagus
Barrett’s Esophagus Matthew J. Schuchert James D. Luketich Historical Perspective The pathologic features of Barrett’s esophagus were first described in 1906 by the Boston surgeon Tileston,86 who evaluated a series…
Surgical Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Surgical Therapy for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Mark J. Krasna Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) describes the retrograde flow of gastric material back into the esophageal lumen from a site distal to the…
Chagas’ Disease of the Esophagus
Chagas’ Disease of the Esophagus Manoel Ximenes III Etiology American trypanosomiasis is an endemic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, discovered by the Brazilian scientist Carlos Chagas.10 Soon after…
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Esophageal Motility Disorders Andrea S. Wolf Cameron D. Wright Esophageal motility disorders are uncommon and usually present with dysphagia or its sequelae (regurgitation and aspiration) or atypical noncardiac chest pain….
Congenital Anomalies of the Esophagus
Congenital Anomalies of the Esophagus David H. Rothstein Marleta Reynolds Multiple theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of esophageal anomalies. The classic theory, as presented by Gray and…
Inflammatory Diseases of the Esophagus
Inflammatory Diseases of the Esophagus Arvydas D. Vanagunas Robert M. Craig As pointed out by Baehr and McDonald,1 esophageal infections are predominantly due to diminished host defense, the use of…
Esophageal Trauma
Esophageal Trauma Julian Guitron John A. Howington Joseph LoCicero III The American College of Surgeons’ course on Advanced Trauma Life Support notes that injuries to the esophagus rarely kill in…
