Thoracic Key

Introduction to Breath Sounds PRETEST 1. How are breath sounds produced? 2. Name the three different airflow patterns. 3. What are egophony, bronchophony, and whispered pectoriloquy? 4. What are adventitious…

Continuous Murmurs PRETEST 1. How is the sound of a continuous murmur produced? 2. What is a cervical venous hum? 3. Why do the sounds of a patent ductus arteriosus…

Diastolic Murmurs PRETEST 1. How is the sound of a diastolic murmur produced? 2. List the aortic regurgitation murmurs. 3. List the pulmonic regurgitation murmurs. 4. What are the characteristics…

The Third and Fourth Heart Sounds PRETEST 1. Describe a normal S3. 2. Describe an abnormal S3 and a right-sided S3. 3. What is a ventricular gallop, or gallop rhythm?…

Other Diastolic and Systolic Sounds PRETEST 1. What causes an opening snap? 2. How can you differentiate an opening snap from a second or a third heart sound (S2 or…

Murmur Fundamentals PRETEST 1. How does turbulent blood flow produce murmurs? 2. What are the seven characteristics used to describe murmurs? 3. What is the six-point graded scale? 4. What…

The Second Heart Sound PRETEST 1. How does the second heart sound (S2) differ from the first heart sound (S1)? 2. What are the components of S2? 3. Describe the…

The First Heart Sound PRETEST 1. What produces the first heart sound (S1)? 2. What are the two basic components of S1? 3. Where is S1 heard best? 4. Describe…

Heart Sound Dynamics PRETEST 1. How do heart sounds originate? 2. Name the two basic heart sounds and the valves associated with each. 3. How many characteristics are used to…

The Heart and Auscultation PRETEST 1. Where is the heart located in the chest, and what are the heart’s dimensions in the average adult? 2. What are systole and diastole?…