Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Cristina Vazquez Guillamet and Marin H. Kollef GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition • Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is pneumonia occurring >48 hours after admission to the hospital.1 • Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP)…
Community-Acquired Pneumonia Jake M. Chanin and Carlos A. Q. Santos GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. • CAP…
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Amber A. Afshar and Richard D. Brasington GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) encompasses a heterogeneous group of pulmonary and nonpulmonary disorders characterized by widespread intra-alveolar…
Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis Hannah Otepka Mannem and Roger D. Yusen GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a commonly diagnosed condition with a morbidity and mortality…
Hemoptysis Daniel R. Crouch and Tonya D. Russell GENERAL PRINCIPLES Definition • Hemoptysis refers to the expectoration of blood originating from the lower airway or lung. • Massive hemoptysis is…
Pulmonary Function Testing Adam Anderson and Adrian Shifren GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are an integral part of a pulmonary evaluation and management. • PFTs can be divided…
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Alexander C. Chen and Daniel J. Brown GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was developed by Shigeto Ikeda in the 1960s. • FOB has become a vital procedure…
Noninvasive Ventilation Warren Isakow GENERAL PRINCIPLES • Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation refers to the use of a mask or similar device to provide ventilatory support. •…
The Chest Radiograph Mark Mangano, Adrian Shifren, and Sanjeev Bhalla GENERAL PRINCIPLES • The CXR is ubiquitous in medicine and remains among the hardest of diagnostic studies to master. The…
Fungal Pulmonary Infections Catherine Chen INTRODUCTION • Infections of the lung with both opportunistic and endemic fungi are increasingly common and are a result of the increasing population of immunocompromised…
