Abstract When infants die suddenly and unexpectedly, the causes can be effectively considered using a triple risk model of individual infant susceptibility, developmental vulnerability, and environmental stressors. Sleep practices, particularly…
Abstract Atelectasis describes an incomplete expansion of lung tissue, which may be congenital or acquired. Congenital atelectasis is due to incomplete expansion of the lungs, including primary and secondary congenital…
Abstract This chapter reviews the impact of trisomy 21 (the commonest trisomy) upon the respiratory tract, including its impact upon the structure and function of the upper and lower tract,…
Abstract Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is one of an expanding collection of disorders collectively known as ciliopathies. A rare, inherited disease of the motile cilia, PCD is clinically characterized by…
Abstract Primary immunodeficiency states are not uncommon disorders which can affect the innate or adaptive arms of the immune system. All of these diseases have the potential for adverse pulmonary…
Abstract The presence and significance of aspiration is a common consideration for children seen in “aerodigestive centers.” Aspiration, the passage of food or liquid below the larynx, can be acute…
Abstract This chapter highlights important pulmonary manifestations of the systemic inflammatory diseases of childhood. We focus on diseases that are either common in the pediatric rheumatology clinic or those that…
Abstract While there are areas of overlap, childhood interstitial lung diseases (ILD) frequently include differing entities and histologic patterns than those described in the literature focusing on adult ILD. The…
Abstract Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage most commonly refers to bleeding from the low-pressure pulmonary vascular bed and is a rare cause of chronic interstitial lung disease in children. Patients can present…
Abstract Disorders of the chest wall, spine, and respiratory muscles include an array of conditions which share respiratory function abnormalities consistent with restrictive lung disease. Depending on the cause, they…
