Epidemiology and Risk Factors of IPF
Fig. 2.1 Alveolar epithelial cells are thought to be the initial lesion of lung injury caused by environmental factors, such as smoking, inhalational agents, drugs, oxygen radicals, toxins, and viruses,…
RESPIRATORY
Pathogenesis of IPF
Fig. 4.1 Schematic drawing of the proposed molecular pathogenesis of IPF. AEC, alveolar epithelial cell; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; ECM, extracellular matrix 4.2 Epithelial Injury and Genetic Background Studies of the…
Differential Diagnosis of IPF
1. IPF is defined as a specific form of chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown cause, occurring primarily in older adults, limited to the lungs, and associated with the…
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Techniques to Evaluate Exercise Intolerance
and Daniel P. Credeur3 (1) Pediatric Center for Respiratory, Exercise and Sleep Medicine, Athletic Training Facility Football Operations, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA (2) Louisiana Healthcare Connections, 8585 Archive Blvd…
Imaging for the Pediatric Pulmonologist
Procedure Effective dose (mSv) Chest PA 0.003 Chest PA/Lat 0.009 Upper GI series 0.04 Lung perfusion scan 2.6 Chest CT 3.6 Whole body PET/CT 15 Chest MRI 0.0 Chest US…
Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests in Clinical Practice
Fig. 7.1 Schematic representation of the total lung capacity and its various subdivisions (for explanation of the abbreviations, see text) The TLC, RV, and FRC are “static” lung volumes (also…
The Evaluation of the Upper and Lower Airways in Infants and Children: Principles and Pearls from Four Decades in the Trenches
Fig. 1.1 Flexible and rigid instruments approach the larynx from very different perspectives. A rigid instrument necessarily elevates the hyoid and tongue base, lifting and distorting the larynx, while at…
Selection and Appropriate Use of Spirometric Reference Equations for the Pediatric Population
Fig. 10.1 Height- and age-adjusted spirometry outcomes across the life-span among healthy males. Figure re-drawn from tables published in Stanojevic et al. [7] Interpretation of Reference Data Interpretation of reference…
Nasal Nitric Oxide and Ciliary Videomicroscopy: Tests Used for Diagnosing Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia
Fig. 4.1 Ciliary electron microscopy showing a normal cross section and various ultrastructural defects causing PCD. ODA outer dynein arm, IDA inner dynein arm. Reprinted from Leigh MW, Pittman JE,…
Infant and Preschool Pulmonary Function Tests
Fig. 8.1 Infant whole body plethysmography for assessment of functional residual capacity. Photo courtesy of Janet Stocks. (NB: Parental permission has been obtained to reproduce all photographs in this chapter….
