Diseases of the Kidney and Ureter
Diseases of the Kidney and Ureter 2.1 Acute Pyelonephritis Ann Intern Med 1989;111:906 Cause: Gram-neg rods in 95% of cases. Most commonly Escherichia coli (particularly uropathic strains) (N Engl J…
GENERAL
Diseases of the Adrenal
Diseases of the Adrenal 1.1 Cushing’s Syndrome Am J Fam Phys 2000;62:5; J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5593; N Engl J Med 1995;332:791 Cause: A condition resulting from long-term exposure to…
Adventitious Sounds: Wheezes
Adventitious Sounds: Wheezes PRETEST 1. Describe the mechanism that produces wheezing? 2. What conditions are associated with wheezes? 3. Describe the following types of wheezes: expiratory polyphonic, fixed monophonic, sequential…
Absent and Diminished Breath Sounds
Absent and Diminished Breath Sounds PRETEST 1. Which conditions are associated with diminished or absent breath sounds? 2. How does each of these conditions cause diminished or absent breath sounds?…
Adventitious Sounds: Crackles
Adventitious Sounds: Crackles PRETEST 1. What causes crackles? 2. What is the difference between coarse and fine crackles? 3. Describe the characteristics of late inspiratory crackles. 4. Describe the characteristics…
The Respiratory System and Auscultation
The Respiratory System and Auscultation PRETEST 1. What is the primary function of the respiratory system? 2. Where are the apex and base of the lung located? 3. Describe the…
Classifying Adventitious Sounds
Classifying Adventitious Sounds PRETEST 1. Name the two types of adventitious sounds. 2. Describe the difference between fine and coarse crackles. 3. Describe the difference between wheezes and low-pitched wheezes….
Systolic Murmurs
Systolic Murmurs PRETEST 1. How is the sound of a systolic murmur produced? 2. List the murmurs associated with right ventricular outflow obstruction. 3. List the murmurs associated with left…
Abnormal Voice Sounds
Abnormal Voice Sounds PRETEST How are normal voice sounds produced? Name the three voice sounds. How do voice sounds change over areas of dense, airless lung tissue? Which specific words…
Breath Sounds Heard in Healthy Individuals
Breath Sounds Heard in Healthy Individuals PRETEST 1. What are normal breath sounds? 2. How do normal breath sounds originate? 3. What affects the normal breath sound characteristics? 4. What…
