Transcatheter aortic valve replacement Since the first transcatheter bioprosthetic aortic valve was implanted, changes have included smaller and more flexible delivery systems for use in smaller vessels; lower frame height…

Pseudoaneurysms CASE 10-1 Aortic pseudoaneurysm after avr with anterior extension This 41-year-old man with Reiter’s syndrome underwent mechanical aortic valve replacement 9 years ago for aortic regurgitation. Four months ago…

Atrial septal defects CASE 7-1 Anatomy and imaging of the atrial septum The atrial septum is close to the TEE transducer position and is well visualized, as the normal orientation…

Atrial septum CASE 14-1 Anatomy and imaging of atrial septum See Case 7-1 in Chapter 7 , Adult Congenital Heart Disease. CASE 14-2 PFO device closure for recurrent transient neurological…

Prosthetic valves Fig 5.1 Flow chart of perioperative assessment of prosthetic valves. CFD, color flow Doppler; PWD, pulsed wave Doppler. (From Oxorn D, Intraoperative Echocardiography, Elsevier, 2012; p. 97, fig….

Normal variants CASE 11-1 Left atrial appendage TEE is often requested before electrical cardioversion or catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation to evaluate the left atrial appendage for the presence of…

In addition to standard cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery, there now are several options for longer-term mechanical circulatory support ranging from a simple intraaortic balloon pump to a total artificial…

Aortic valve anatomy CASE 3-1a Normal trileaflet aortic valve Fig 3.1 Intraoperative TEE in a short-axis view (left) shows the closed aortic valve and the orientation of the three cusps:…

TABLE 6-1 Best Views for Assessing Tricuspid Valve ME four-chamber view With probe anteflexed, septal leaflet will be seen adjacent to interventricular septum, and anterior leaflet adjacent to right ventricular…