10.1055/b-0035-121511 16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases 16.1 Myocarditis 16.1.1 Basics Synonym: inflammatory cardiomyopathy Definition Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can have greatly varying clinically courses and a…
10.1055/b-0035-121503 8 Cardiac Catheterization 8.1 Basics Today, only very few purely diagnostic cardiac catheterizations are performed, as the anatomical situation for most heart defects can be visualized very precisely using…
10.1055/b-0035-121498 3 Echocardiography 3.1 Transthoracic Echocardiography 3.1.1 Basics Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is the most important noninvasive imaging procedure in pediatric cardiology. It provides cross-sectional images of the heart and great…
10.1055/b-0035-121509 14 Syncope 14.1 Basics Definition Syncope is the sudden, temporary loss of consciousness as a result of cerebral hypoperfusion associated with loss of muscular tone. Recovery is spontaneous. Unconsciousness…
10.1055/b-0035-121508 13 Palpitations 13.1 Basics Definition Palpitations are defined as the unpleasant awareness of your own heartbeat. Palpitations are often described by patients as pounding or skipping a beat. The…
10.1055/b-0035-121507 12 Chest Pain 12.1 Basics Epidemiology Patients who present with chest pain are more often children and adolescents between the ages of 12 and 14 years. Boys and girls…
10.1055/b-0035-121506 11 Cardiac Murmurs A murmur can often be the most significant leading symptom of a congenital or acquired heart defect, but cardiac murmurs are also a harmless phenomenon in…
10.1055/b-0035-121505 10 Cyanosis 10.1 Definition Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. It occurs when the hemoglobin is not adequately saturated with oxygen. Cyanosis becomes clinically…
10.1055/b-0035-121499 4 Chest X-ray 4.1 Basics Despite the availability of modern imaging methods, the chest X-ray remains an essential component of diagnostic measures in pediatric cardiology. An X-ray image provides…
10.1055/b-0035-121497 2 Electrocardiography 2.1 Basics The “ECG” is one of the basic diagnostic tests in pediatric cardiology. The standard electrocardiogram (ECG) in childhood includes 12 leads: Bipolar limb leads (Einthoven…
