CARDIAC SURGERY

Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Abnormal impulse initiation •Automaticity –Enhanced normal automaticity: as seen in inappropriate sinus tachycardia. –Abnormal automaticity: as in ectopic atrial tachycardia, accelerated junctional rhythm, and idiopathic ventricular tachycardias. •Triggered activity –Early…

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Less Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Less Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Fig. 35.1 Totally aortic “non-touch” technique in off-pump three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting surgery via left minithoracotomy; the inflow vein grafts come from the distal left subclavian artery in addition…

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Animal Models for Cardiac Research

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Animal Models for Cardiac Research

Fig. 27.1 ADInstruments Langendorff perfusion setup. Courtesy of ADInstruments Several different methods for studying the isolated heart are possible, two of these methods are the Langendorff perfusion approach and the…

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Cellular Myocytes

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Cellular Myocytes

Fig. 12.1 A typical mammalian cell. The intracellular environment is separated from the extracellular environment by a lipid bilayer membrane (see area encircled in figure). Each cell contains a nucleus…

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Heart Valve Disease

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Heart Valve Disease

Fig. 34.1 Apical view of the four heart valves—aortic, mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid 34.2 A New Frontier: Valve Replacement Before 1950, the ability to safely and effectively operate on the…

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Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegia

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegia

Fig. 33.1 Total cardiopulmonary bypass showing the venous cannulas in the superior and inferior vena cavae with constrictions placed around the respective veins. The venous blood is draining to the…

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Comparative Cardiac Anatomy

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Comparative Cardiac Anatomy

Fig. 6.1 Drawing of the coronary arterial circulation in the: (A) dog, (B) pig, and (C) human. Notice the extensive network of coronary collateralization in the dog heart, including many…

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Introduction to Echocardiography

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Introduction to Echocardiography

where SF = shortening fraction, LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension. Normal values vary with age and range from 35–45 % in infants to 28–44 % in adolescents and…

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Blood Pressure, Heart Tones, and Diagnoses

Jul 10, 2016 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Blood Pressure, Heart Tones, and Diagnoses

where PP = SBP − DBP, MAP = mean arterial pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, PP = pulse pressure, and SBP = systolic blood pressure. Blood flow throughout the circulatory system follows pressure gradients. By the time blood reaches the right…

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