Heart Valve Disease
Fig. 34.1 Apical view of the four heart valves—aortic, mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid 34.2 A New Frontier: Valve Replacement Before 1950, the ability to safely and effectively operate on the…
CARDIAC SURGERY
Transcatheter Valve Repair and Replacement
Fig. 36.1 Two potential approaches for the delivery of a transcatheter pulmonic valve : (A) transvenously into the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve, or (B) transapically through the…
Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegia
Fig. 33.1 Total cardiopulmonary bypass showing the venous cannulas in the superior and inferior vena cavae with constrictions placed around the respective veins. The venous blood is draining to the…
Comparative Cardiac Anatomy
Fig. 6.1 Drawing of the coronary arterial circulation in the: (A) dog, (B) pig, and (C) human. Notice the extensive network of coronary collateralization in the dog heart, including many…
Introduction to Echocardiography
where SF = shortening fraction, LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension. Normal values vary with age and range from 35–45 % in infants to 28–44 % in adolescents and…
Blood Pressure, Heart Tones, and Diagnoses
where PP = SBP − DBP, MAP = mean arterial pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, PP = pulse pressure, and SBP = systolic blood pressure. Blood flow throughout the circulatory system follows pressure gradients. By the time blood reaches the right…
The Coronary Vascular System and Associated Medical Devices
Fig. 8.1 The supply and drainage configuration of the coronary arterial and venous systems [28]. Reproduced with permission of Springer in the format Educational/Instructional Program via Copyright Clearance Center Fig….
Cardiac Septal Defects: Treatment via the Amplatzer® Family of Devices
Fig. 37.1 Amplatzer Septal Occluder device. (A) Right atrial angiogram performed after deployment of the device in a secundum atrial septal defect, but before release. The right atrial disc is…
General Features of the Cardiovascular System
Fig. 1.1 The major components of the cardiovascular system: circulating blood, the blood vessels, the heart, and the lymphatic system. (Left) Major vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart…
The Use of Isolated Heart Models and Anatomical Specimens as Means to Enhance the Design and Testing of Cardiac Devices
Fig. 41.1 Images from perfusion-fixed hearts from the Visible Heart® laboratory’s library : (1) calcified aortic valve (upper left panel), (2) pulmonary valve (upper right panel), (3) subvalvular apparatus of…
