the Electrocardiogram
the Electrocardiogram Duc H. Do Noel G. Boyle INTRODUCTION The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the main diagnostic tools of the clinician, whether in the clinic, emergency department, or hospital….
Ambulatory Rhythm Monitoring
Ambulatory Rhythm Monitoring Kevin Sung Justin Hayase Jason S. Bradfield INTRODUCTION Ambulatory monitoring is a diagnostic tool performed in the outpatient setting to evaluate symptomatic patients for cardiac arrhythmias, risk…
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias Peter Hanna Kalyanam Shivkumar James N. Weiss INTRODUCTION For several billion heartbeats in a lifetime, electromechanical coupling ensures normal electrical activity, and activates working myocardium to…
Genetics of Arrhythmias
Genetics of Arrhythmias Aadhavi Sridharan Jason S. Bradfield James N. Weiss INTRODUCTION Cardiac arrhythmias comprise a wide spectrum of abnormalities of the heart rhythm; these can be benign, can increase…
Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Left Atrial Appendage Closure Thomas A. Dewland Randall J. Lee INTRODUCTION For decades, clinicians have recognized the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and thromboembolic stroke.1 This risk has traditionally been…
Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defect
Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defect Ricardo Cigarroa Ignacio Inglessis PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE INTRODUCTION Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common intracardiac shunt encountered…
Catheter Interventions in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Catheter Interventions in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease Thomas M. Zellers Carrie Herbert Surendranath Veeram Reddy V. Vivian Dimas TRANSCATHETER THERAPY FOR AORTIC AND PULMONARY STENOSIS INTRODUCTION Aortic valve stenosis…
Ethanol Septal Ablation
Ethanol Septal Ablation Srikanth Yandrapalli Risheek Kaul Srihari S. Naidu INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most commonly inherited cardiac disease, with estimates suggesting a prevalence approximating 1 in 500.1,2…
Percutaneous Valvular Intervention
Percutaneous Valvular Intervention Gurion Lantz Firas Zahr INTRODUCTION Over the last decade, the treatment of valvular heart disease has progressed with the introduction and maturation of transcatheter valvular interventions. Since…
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Olabisi Akanbi David Lee HISTORY OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION Dotter performed the first angioplasty using sequential catheter dilation of a femoral arterial stenosis in 1964, and with…
